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Alcalá de Henares ((:alkaˈla ðe eˈnaɾes)), meaning ''Citadel on the river Henares'', is a Spanish city whose historical centre is one of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites. The city stands out for its rich archaeology and was one of the first bishoprics founded in Spain. Located in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, northeast of the city of Madrid, at an altitude of above sea level, it has a population of around 200,000. Locally, the city is generally known simply as "Alcalá", but "de Henares" is appended when needed to differentiate it from a dozen Spanish cities sharing the name Alcalá (from the Arabic word ''al-qal'a القلعة'' for fortification or citadel). The Latin name, ''Complutum'', is sometimes used. The city is capital of its namesake region, Comarca de Alcalá. ==History== The city boundaries have been inhabited since the Calcolithic phase of the Bronze Age. Romans conquered the area in the 1st century BC, and built the town of ''Complutum'' near a previous Celtiberian settlement, called ''Iplacea''. Thus, it became the only Roman town in the Madrid region. With 10,000 inhabitants, it reached the status of ''Municipium'' and had its own governing institutions. After the downfall of the Roman Empire, under the Visigoths, it declined, although it also became a pilgrimage destination in remembrance of the Saints Justo and Pastor. When the Moors arrived in 711, they subdued the Visigothic city and founded another site, building an ''al-qal'a'', which means "citadel" in Arabic, on a nearby hill, today known as ''Alcalá la Vieja'' (Old Alcalá). On 3 May 1118, it was reconquered by the Archbishop of Toledo Bernard de Sedirac in the name of Castile. The Christians preferred the ''Burgo de Santiuste'' ("Saint Just's borough") on the original Roman site and the Arab one was abandoned. The city was ceded to the Bishopric of Toledo, which granted it ferial rights. Under Christian rule until the end of the Reconquista, the city had both a Jewish and a Moorish quarter and a renowned marketplace. Its central position allowed it to be a frequent residence of the Kings of Castile, when travelling south. At some time in the 1480s, Christopher Columbus had his first meeting with the ''Reyes Católicos'', Ferdinand and Isabella, who financed the travel for the ''Discovery of America''. The city suffered severe damage during the Spanish Civil War. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alcalá de Henares」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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